See 用ひる on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "First attested in texts around the Kamakura period, persisting until around the script reforms in the 1920s.\nThe attestable root verb is 用ゐる (mochiwiru), itself a compound (see that entry for details). During the mid-Heian period, medial /-f-/ sounds shifted to /-w-/, leading to confusion between mid-word ゐ (wi) and ひ (wi, read as fi in word-initial position). The もちひる (mochiwiru) hiragana spelling was then reinterpreted as a conjugation of base verb もちふ (mochi(w)u), which appears as a back-formation. Later during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, sound changes reduced medial /-w-/ still further, such that /wi/ merged into /i/. The resulting shift in the verb ending from -wiru to -iru was reinterpreted again as a conjugation of base form もちゆ (mochiyu), which again appears as a back-formation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "用ひる",
"ruby": [
[
"用ひ",
"もちい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mochiiru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひ",
"roman": "mochii",
"ruby": [
[
"用ひ",
"もちい"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひた",
"roman": "mochiita",
"ruby": [
[
"用ひ",
"もちい"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "motifi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "motifi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "motifire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "motifizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "motifireba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "motifikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "motifitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "motifinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "motifitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "motifimu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "もち.いる",
"hhira": "もちひる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "用ひ(もちい)る • (mochiiru) ^(←もちひる (motifiru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 用ひ(もちい) (mochii), past 用ひ(もちい)た (mochiita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "もち",
"2": "1u-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(mochiiru), historical 用ゐる (mochiwiru): to use",
"word": "用いる"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1940s, Hajime Kawakami, Pillow up in the floating clouds (text here)",
"roman": "Shitsunai no hokō ni tsue o mochiizu, kaijō e no noborikudari ni mo, sama de ashi no daruki o kanzezu.",
"ruby": [
[
"室",
"しつ"
],
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"歩",
"ほ"
],
[
"行",
"かう"
],
[
"杖",
"つゑ"
],
[
"用",
"もち"
],
[
"階",
"かい"
],
[
"上",
"じやう"
],
[
"上",
"のぼ"
],
[
"下",
"くだ"
],
[
"脚",
"あし"
],
[
"感",
"かん"
]
],
"text": "室内の歩行に杖を用ひず、階上への上り下りにも、さまで脚のだるきを感ぜず。"
},
{
"english": "Private property may be taken for public use upon just compensation therefor.",
"ref": "1946, The Constitution of Japan, Article 29",
"roman": "Shiyūzaisan wa, seitō na hoshō no moto ni, kore o kōkyō no tame ni mochiiru koto ga dekiru.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"し"
],
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"財",
"ざい"
],
[
"產",
"さん"
],
[
"正",
"せい"
],
[
"當",
"とう"
],
[
"補",
"ほ"
],
[
"償",
"しょう"
],
[
"下",
"もと"
],
[
"公",
"こう"
],
[
"共",
"きょう"
],
[
"用",
"もち"
]
],
"text": "私有財產は、正當な補償の下に、これを公共のために用ひることができる。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of 用いる (mochiiru), historical 用ゐる (mochiwiru): to use"
],
"id": "en-用ひる-ja-verb-xJ~7OBEt",
"links": [
[
"用いる",
"用いる#Japanese"
],
[
"用ゐる",
"用ゐる#Japanese"
],
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical, rare) alternative spelling of 用いる (mochiiru), historical 用ゐる (mochiwiru): to use"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "mochifu",
"ruby": [
[
"用",
"もち"
]
],
"word": "用ふ"
},
{
"roman": "mochiyu",
"ruby": [
[
"用",
"もち"
]
],
"word": "用ゆ"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic",
"historical",
"rare"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Heian period",
"Japanese script reform",
"Kamakura period",
"Muromachi period"
]
}
],
"word": "用ひる"
}
{
"etymology_text": "First attested in texts around the Kamakura period, persisting until around the script reforms in the 1920s.\nThe attestable root verb is 用ゐる (mochiwiru), itself a compound (see that entry for details). During the mid-Heian period, medial /-f-/ sounds shifted to /-w-/, leading to confusion between mid-word ゐ (wi) and ひ (wi, read as fi in word-initial position). The もちひる (mochiwiru) hiragana spelling was then reinterpreted as a conjugation of base verb もちふ (mochi(w)u), which appears as a back-formation. Later during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, sound changes reduced medial /-w-/ still further, such that /wi/ merged into /i/. The resulting shift in the verb ending from -wiru to -iru was reinterpreted again as a conjugation of base form もちゆ (mochiyu), which again appears as a back-formation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "用ひる",
"ruby": [
[
"用ひ",
"もちい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mochiiru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひ",
"roman": "mochii",
"ruby": [
[
"用ひ",
"もちい"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひた",
"roman": "mochiita",
"ruby": [
[
"用ひ",
"もちい"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "motifi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "motifi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "motifire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "motifizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "motifireba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "motifiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "motifikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "motifitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "motifinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "motifitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "用ひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "もちひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "motifimu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "もち.いる",
"hhira": "もちひる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "用ひ(もちい)る • (mochiiru) ^(←もちひる (motifiru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 用ひ(もちい) (mochii), past 用ひ(もちい)た (mochiita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "もち",
"2": "1u-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "mochifu",
"ruby": [
[
"用",
"もち"
]
],
"word": "用ふ"
},
{
"roman": "mochiyu",
"ruby": [
[
"用",
"もち"
]
],
"word": "用ゆ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(mochiiru), historical 用ゐる (mochiwiru): to use",
"word": "用いる"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese kami ichidan verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with rare senses",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Japanese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1940s, Hajime Kawakami, Pillow up in the floating clouds (text here)",
"roman": "Shitsunai no hokō ni tsue o mochiizu, kaijō e no noborikudari ni mo, sama de ashi no daruki o kanzezu.",
"ruby": [
[
"室",
"しつ"
],
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"歩",
"ほ"
],
[
"行",
"かう"
],
[
"杖",
"つゑ"
],
[
"用",
"もち"
],
[
"階",
"かい"
],
[
"上",
"じやう"
],
[
"上",
"のぼ"
],
[
"下",
"くだ"
],
[
"脚",
"あし"
],
[
"感",
"かん"
]
],
"text": "室内の歩行に杖を用ひず、階上への上り下りにも、さまで脚のだるきを感ぜず。"
},
{
"english": "Private property may be taken for public use upon just compensation therefor.",
"ref": "1946, The Constitution of Japan, Article 29",
"roman": "Shiyūzaisan wa, seitō na hoshō no moto ni, kore o kōkyō no tame ni mochiiru koto ga dekiru.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"し"
],
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"財",
"ざい"
],
[
"產",
"さん"
],
[
"正",
"せい"
],
[
"當",
"とう"
],
[
"補",
"ほ"
],
[
"償",
"しょう"
],
[
"下",
"もと"
],
[
"公",
"こう"
],
[
"共",
"きょう"
],
[
"用",
"もち"
]
],
"text": "私有財產は、正當な補償の下に、これを公共のために用ひることができる。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of 用いる (mochiiru), historical 用ゐる (mochiwiru): to use"
],
"links": [
[
"用いる",
"用いる#Japanese"
],
[
"用ゐる",
"用ゐる#Japanese"
],
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical, rare) alternative spelling of 用いる (mochiiru), historical 用ゐる (mochiwiru): to use"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic",
"historical",
"rare"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Heian period",
"Japanese script reform",
"Kamakura period",
"Muromachi period"
]
}
],
"word": "用ひる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 用ひる meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"用ひる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "用ひる",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"用ひる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "用ひる",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.